100 SQL(Structured Query Language) Commands - Kursus Komputer YMII Cileungsi

100 SQL(Structured Query Language) Commands

SELECT - retrieves data from a database
INSERT - inserts new data into a database
UPDATE - updates existing data in a database
DELETE - deletes data from a database
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table in a database
ALTER TABLE - modifies an existing table structure
DROP TABLE - deletes a table from a database
TRUNCATE TABLE - removes all records from a table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index on a table
DROP INDEX - deletes an index from a table
JOIN - combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column
INNER JOIN - returns rows when there is a match in both tables
LEFT JOIN - returns all rows from the left table, and the matched rows from the right table
RIGHT JOIN - returns all rows from the right table, and the matched rows from the left table
FULL JOIN - returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables
UNION - combines the results of two or more SELECT statements
UNION ALL - combines the results of two or more SELECT statements, including duplicates
GROUP BY - groups rows that have the same values into summary rows
HAVING - filters records based on a specified condition
ORDER BY - sorts the result set in ascending or descending order
COUNT - returns the number of rows that satisfy the condition
SUM - calculates the sum of a set of values
AVG - calculates the average of a set of values
MIN - returns the smallest value in a set of values
MAX - returns the largest value in a set of values
DISTINCT - selects unique values from a column
WHERE - filters records based on specified conditions
AND - combines multiple conditions in a WHERE clause
OR - specifies multiple alternative conditions in a WHERE clause
NOT - negates a condition in a WHERE clause
BETWEEN - selects values within a specified range
IN - specifies multiple values for a column
LIKE - selects rows that match a specified pattern
IS NULL - checks for NULL values in a column
IS NOT NULL - checks for non-NULL values in a column
EXISTS - tests for the existence of any record in a subquery
CASE - performs conditional logic in SQL statements
WHEN - specifies conditions in a CASE statement
THEN - specifies the result if a condition is true in a CASE statement
ELSE - specifies the result if no condition is true in a CASE statement
END - ends the CASE statement
PRIMARY KEY - uniquely identifies each record in a table
FOREIGN KEY - establishes a relationship between tables
CONSTRAINT - enforces rules for data in a table
DEFAULT - specifies a default value for a column
NOT NULL - ensures that a column cannot contain NULL values
UNIQUE - ensures that all values in a column are unique
CHECK - enforces a condition on the values in a column
CASCADE - automatically performs a specified action on related records
SET NULL - sets the value of foreign key columns to NULL when a referenced record is deleted
SET DEFAULT - sets the value of foreign key columns to their default value when a referenced record is deleted
NO ACTION - specifies that no action should be taken on related records when a referenced record is deleted